Brown, Jennifer and Frances Heidensohn. Gender and Policing: Comparative Perspectives. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.Call Number: HV 8023.B76 2000
Abstract: Raises vital issues about law, order and the achievement of change in criminal justice policies. It provides a thorough analysis of the current state of research on the topic. Uncovers personal stories and lost texts that chart the victories won by forgotten or overlooked pioneers who developed women's contribution to, and changing practice in, policing worldwide.

Brown, Jennifer M. "Aspects of Discriminatory Treatment of Women Police Officers in Forces in England and Wales." British Journal of Criminology (Spring 1998): pp. 265-83.
Abstract: Although women have worked in the English police force since 1916, progress has been slow granting women equal status and preventing sexual harassment. The informal masculine culture prevails despite formal attempts to change it.

Campbell, Deborah J., et al. "Improving the Recruitment of Women in Policing." Police Chief (November 2000): pp. 18-28.
Abstract: Issues are presented concerning the recruitment of women police officers into the police force. The characteristics of vocations which attract women and the accommodation of work-family matters are discussed.

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. Women in Federal Law Enforcement: Profiles. Alexandria, VA: NTIS, 1996.Call Number: HV 8023.W76 1996 (audiovisual) Notes: VHS/Color - Approx. 45 min.
Abstract: Until 1972 women, serving in Federal Law Enforcement were the exception not the rule. Today more than 6500 women hold positions in 77 federal agencies. They work as special agents, correctional officers, pilots and US Attorneys.

Gold, Marion E. "The Progress of Women in Policing." Law & Order (June 2000): pp. 159-61.
Abstract: For those few women throughout the country who do make it through recruitment screening, and the rigorous paramilitary training of the police academies, barriers still remain to advancing through the ranks and into the top brass of law enforcement. In fact, with very few exceptions, women remain underrepresented in every level of sworn law enforcement. That society needs more women law enforcement officers is not in question. The controversy seems to be over how long it will take to break through barriers and achieve gender equity, and how to eliminate the barriers.

________. Top Cops: Profiles of Women in Command. Chicago, IL: Brittany Publications, 1999.Call Number: HV 8023.G65 1999
Abstract: Profiles women who chose policing as a career because they are courageous, and determined to make a difference in society.

Gossett, Jennifer Lynn and Joyce E. Williams. "Perceived Discrimination Among Women in Law Enforcement." Women & Criminal Justice vol. 10, no. 1(1998): pp. 53-73.
Abstract: Explores the depth and dimensions of gender-based discrimination as perceived by female police officers. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the findings and to extract the themes that emerged from the women's perceptions of discrimination coming from their male peers, from male supervisors or administrators and from citizens of both sexes. Most of the policewomen interviewed reported experiencing discrimination from one or all of these sources.

Grant, Diana R. "Perceived Gender Differences in Policing: The Impact of Gendered Perceptions of Officer-Situation "Fit"." Women & Criminal Justice vol. 12, no. 1(2000): pp. 53-74.
Abstract: Psychology students served as mock jurors for a hypothetical civil case where an officer responds to a possible crime and is subsequently charged with misconduct in a civil lawsuit. Outcome measures included probability of guilt, verdict, damages and ratings of the officer's professionalism. Results supported the hypothesis that participants' evaluations of the officer would vary according to the perceived "fit" between officer gender and type of crime. The findings suggest that public perceptions of police officers reflect gender stereotyped expectations and thus female officers have a qualitatively different impact than male officers.

Heidensohn, Frances. Women in Control? New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Call Number: HV 8023.H48 1992
Abstract: Women's experiences are the focus of this study, but the context is more diffuse and fragmented. It includes various ways of considering social control and attempts to explore gender in its numerous forms.

Holdaway, Simon and Sharon K. Parker. "Policing Women Police: Uniform Patrol, Promotion and Representation in the CID." British Journal of Criminology (Winter 1998): pp. 40-60.
Abstract: Women police officers working in a northern England constabulary provide evidence of constraints in employment due to gender-based inequalities. Conflicts between home and work were markedly greater for women than men. Also, the organizational structure excluded women from full membership based on gender inequality on a societal level.

Johnson, Nathan. "Women in Law Enforcement: Tips for Successful Recruitment." Campus Law Enforcement Journal (January/February 1998): pp. 32-35.
Abstract: Many executives are finding it difficult to recruit women and maintain a gender-diverse staff. The most noted reason for women's reluctance to enter a law enforcement career is the perceived attitudes of male officers.

Kranda, April H. "Women in Policing: The Importance of Mentoring." Police Chief (October 1998): pp. 54-56.
Abstract: Administrators across the country are looking for effective strategies for recruiting and retaining women and for encouraging their progress up through the ranks. While a mentoring program is an important component of a comprehensive system for selecting, processing and training new employees, it cannot correct an ineffective applicant processing unit or enhance a training environment that focuses solely on eliminating recruits rather than developing good officers.

Lief, Louise. "The Santeria Case: Behind the Scenes With Federal Undercover Agent Julie Torres." Hispanic (October 1997): pp. 34-37. Notes: Available fulltext on Lexis/Nexis.
Abstract: Torres, the first Latino Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agent, infiltrated a Santeria group in Florida and celebrated its rituals in order to gather information on a gang of gun runners who were members of the religion. The criminals were apprehended because of her work and she received an award.

Lonsway, Kimberly A. "Hiring and Retaining More Women: The Advantages to Law Enforcement Agencies." [http://www.feminist.org].
Abstract: Research conducted both in the United States and internationally clearly demonstrates that women officers rely on a style of policing that uses less physical force, are better at defusing and de-escalating potentially violent confrontations with citizens, and are less likely to become involved in problems with use of excessive force. Additionally, women officers often possess better communication skills than their male counterparts and are better able to facilitate the cooperation and trust required to implement a community policing model. In an era of costly litigation, hiring and retaining more women in law enforcement is therefore likely to be an effective means of addressing the problems with excessive force and citizen complaints.

Lott, John R. "Does a Helping Hand Put Others at Risk?: Affirmative Action, Police Departments and Crime." Economic Equity (April 2000): pp. 239-77. Notes: Available fulltext on WilsonWeb.
Abstract: Will increasing the number of minority and women police officers make law enforcement more effective by drawing on abilities that have gone untapped and creating better contact with communities and victims? Or will standards have to be lowered too far before large numbers of minorities and women can be hired? The article examines how the changing composition of police departments affects such measures as the number of and assaults against police officers.

Marshall, Kenneth. "Survival Training for Female Law Enforcement Officers." Police Chief (March 2000): pp. 71-72.
Abstract: The Ohio State Highway Patrol has developed a specialized training course to prepare female officers for dealing with life-threatening situations. The five-day Firearms, Arrest, and Self-Defense Tactics course offers progressive survival training. The elements of the course include prisoner security, capture-officer survival, self-defense tactics and vicarious liability.

Morris, Anne, et al. "Contextual Factors Affecting the Organizational Commitment of Diverse Police Officers: A Levels of Analysis Perspective." American Journal of Community Psychology (February 1999): p. 75 +. Notes: Available fulltext on Lexis/Nexis.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship of contextual factors to organizational commitment among 372 police officers in 13 commands in New York City's public housing projects. Setting-level variables were formed by aggregating officers' perceptions of management support and fairness and management sensitivity to diversity within commands and within subgroups formed by gender and ethnicity. Both women and minority men experienced more negative social interactions than white men; support from management, co-workers and family were important predictors of commitment. Family support was particularly important for women.

Myers, Gloria. A Municipal Mother. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 1995.Call Number: HV 8023.M94 1995
Abstract: On April 1, 1908, Lola G. Baldwin, aged forty-eight, was sworn in "to perform police service" for the city of Portland, Oregon. She was the first woman hired by an American municipality to carry out regular enforcement duties. Her story examines the social and cultural impulses that gave rise to the policewoman idea.

Natarajan, Mangai. "Women Police in a Traditional Society: Test of a Western Model of Integration." International Journal of Comparative Sociology (February/May 2001): pp. 211-59. Notes: Available fulltext on Infotrac.
Abstract: It has been argued that policewomen in traditional societies do not aspire to being fully integrated into mainstream policing, but may prefer a more restricted and segregated role. This thesis is examined in the context of policing in Tami Nadu, a state of India. The present study uses data gathered through interviews and a standardized questionnaire, and focuses on the preferences expressed by women officers about roles and styles of policing. These preferences are compared with those of women interviewed in earlier research in India and other countries. It is concluded that, while progress to full integration in traditional societies may be slower, it seems to follow the same sequence of stages found in western societies.

Neubauer, Ronald S. "The Future of Women in Policing: Mandates for Action." Police Chief (March 1999): pp. 53-56.
Abstract: The number of women employed by law enforcement agencies in the US has risen over recent years, with women now accounting for 11.6% of all police officers. However, organizations representing female officers feel that the proportion of women is still too low, and they are also concerned about the obstacles faced by women seeking to rise to positions of leadership within law enforcement agencies. There is still a clear need to support female police officers and to strengthen the position of women in policing.

O' Shaughnessy, Elise. "Undercover Mom; Mother Working As a Detective." Good Housekeeping (September 1999): pp. 132-34. Notes: Available fulltext on Lexis/Nexis.
Abstract: At work, she takes down drug dealers. At home, she raises two young daughters. Violence and love. Danger and devotion. Welcome to the two worlds of Detective Debbie Cochran.

Polisar, Joseph and Donna Milgram. "Strategies That Work." Police Chief (October 1998): pp. 42-52.
Abstract: Women are an increasingly vital part of US police departments, due partly to the increasing emphasis on community policing, yet they comprise only 9.5% of the police workforce. The Albuquerque, New Mexico, Police Department recruited and retained more women officers through a range of policies. This article explains those policies.

Prussel. Deborah. "Women Where?" Law & Order (March 2001): pp. 87-91.
Abstract: Women in SWAT teams are discussed.

Prussel, Deborah and Kimberly A. Lonsway. "Recruiting Women Police Officers." Law & Order (July 2001): pp. 91-96.
Abstract: In an era of tight labor markets and increasing pressures to diversify the workforce, law enforcement agencies nationwide are searching for ways to improve their recruitment efforts and draw a diverse range of qualified personnel. Research shows not only are female officers equally as competent as their male counterparts, but they also bring a number of unique advantages to law enforcement agencies. The authors discuss ways for agencies to recruit and retain female police officers.

Sass, Tim R. and Jennifer L. Troyer. "Affirmative Action, Political Representation, Unions and Female Police Employment." Journal of Labor Research (Fall 1999): pp. 571-87. Notes: Available fulltext on WilsonWeb.
Abstract: Using data from three time periods (1981, 1987, and 1990/91), we analyze the factors that effect the hiring of female officers by municipal police departments. We find that affirmative action litigation significantly increased hiring of new female recruits, but female political representation in the form of female councilors or mayors did not significantly affect the gender composition of police recruits. Consistent with co-worker discrimination, we find that hiring of female recruits is negatively related to the proportion of males already employed in the department.

Schulz, Dorothy Moses. From Social Worker to Crimefighter. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.Call Number: HV 8023.S28 1995
Abstract: Documents 100 years of women in municipal police departments as matrons, policewomen and police officers, this book does not delve into current issues surrounding whether or not equality has actually been achieved by women in policing today.

Segrave, Kerry. Policewomen: A History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1995.Call Number: HV 8023.S44 1995
Abstract: Reviews the history of policewomen from the inception of the profession up through 1993. Looks at the view held of policewomen by their peers, superiors and the general public.

Valian, Virginia. Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.Call Number: HQ 1237.V35 1999
Abstract: Why do so few women occupy positions of power and prestige? The author uses concepts and data from psychology, sociology, economics and biology to explain the disparity in the professional advancement of men and women. The most important consequence of gender schemas for professional life is that men tend to be overrated and women underrated.

Weiss, Jim and Mary Dresser. "The Police Womanly Art of Survival." WOMENPOLICE (Summer 1999): pp. 4-5, 11-16.
Abstract: Women police recruit trainees receive the same instruction as men since the US Supreme Court ruled in 1972 that the height requirement in departments was unconstitutional. However, experience has shown that generic, one-size-fits-all training does not always fill the specific needs of women. There are obvious physical, social, and emotional differences between men and women. These differences must be addressed for the public good and for the well-being of officers-- male and female.

________. "Women in Law Enforcement: A New Look for SWAT." Law & Order (July 2001): pp. 86-89.
Abstract: In the old days, the necessary requirements to become a SWAT team member were thought to be brawn and more brawn. Now SWAT supervisors look for levelheadedness, maturity and analytical ability along with proper physical fitness. Today's SWAT teams have a new look--they reflect society and are building diversity into strength.

Wertsch, Teresa Lynn. "Walking the Thin Blue Line: Policewomen and Tokenism Today." Women & Criminal Justice vol. 9, no. 3(1998): pp. 23-61.
Abstract: Provides a fuller depiction of the barriers women may encounter within police departments resulting from the dynamics associated with the 'tokenism' phenomenon.

Zhao, Jihong, et al. "Race, Ethnicity and the Female Cop: Differential Patterns of Representation." Journal of Urban Affairs vol. 23, no. 3-4(2001): pp. 243-57. Notes: Available fulltext on Infotrac.
Abstract: This article examines factors hypothesized to be associated with the employment of female police officers in US municipal law enforcement agencies. Female officer representation is investigated within three primary racial or ethnic groups, Caucasians, African-Americans and Hispanics.