Blum, Lawrence N. and Joseph M. Polisar. "Why Things Go Wrong in Police Work." Police Chief (July 2004): pp. 49+.
Abstract: Police executives face the consequences of mental and tactical mistakes made by officers during difficult events. the authors discuss the causes of police officer mental or tactical error under conditions of stress and how police executives can effectively deal with these problems.

Center for Disease Control. Working With Stress. Washington, DC: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2002. Call Number: HF 5548.85.W68 2002 A-V Notes: (Available on DVD, 17 min.)
Abstract: The nature of work is changing rapidly. Now more than ever, job stress poses a threat to the well-being of workers and organizations. Through its research and educational materials such as this program, NIOSH is committed to providing the public with the knowledge to overcome this threat.

Cross, Chad L. and Larry Ashley. "Police Trauma and Addiction: Coping With the Dangers of the Job." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (October 2004): pp. 24-32.
Abstract: The rigors and stresses inherent in the law enforcement profession can lead to tragic consequences for its members. Cross and Ashley discuss trauma and stress responses that law enforcement administrators need to understand and the strategies for intervention and treatment needed to help their officers survive the rigors of their chosen profession.

D'Antonio, Michael. "Men in Blue." Men's Health (November 1999): pp. 72+.
Notes: Available full-text on Wilsonweb
Abstract: Serious stress disorders have reached epidemic proportions among America's police officers. Around 150 officers are killed in the line of duty each year in America, but over twice that number commit suicide. The writer discusses how the psychological burdens of police work can be soul destroying, and in conversation, former police officer Jim Mock discusses how his career was ended by post-traumatic stress disorder, which often affects those who have experienced devastating events and attempted to suppress the pain.

Ellison, Katherine W. Stress and the Police Officer. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 2004. Call Number: HV 7936.J63E4 2004
Abstract: In stress management, as in almost every other area of human functioning, there is no foolproof formula for success. Individuals differ markedly in the events they define as stressful, in the ways they react to pressure and specific techniques for dealing with stressful events that will be most successful. Despite this, it is possible to offer some suggestions that work for many people. It is up to each individual and organization to decide how to use this information.

Gilmartin, Kevin M. Emotional Survival for Law Enforcement. Tucson, AZ: E-S Press, 2002. Call Number: HV 7936.P75G55 2002
Abstract: Designed to help law enforcement professionals overcome the internal assaults they experience both personally and organizationally over the course of their careers. Officers and their families can experience a law enforcement career as emotional survivors instead of falling by the wayside as victims of predictable and preventable challenges.

Goss, Cynthia. "Mental Health Aftermath of Simulated Attacks." Law & Order (May 2005): pp. 48+.
Abstract: The look and feel of the incident was real: a terrorist attack on a tour bus traveling from Canada to the U.S. with tourists taken as hostages had the look and feel of a real incident. It was actually a re-enactment exercise for U.S. and Canadian law enforcement personnel, and the first re-enactment activity in the nation that specifically addressed the impact traumatic situations has on the mental health of emergency services personnel. The purpose of the exercise was to educate people on the impact trauma has on personnel and to prepare agencies to do whatever it takes to provide the appropriate resources needed for their personnel and family members.

Greenberg, Jerrold S. “Comprehensive Stress Management.” Boston, MA: McGraw Hill, 2003. Call Number: BF 575.S75G66 2003
Abstract: The major theme of this book is that people usually have greater control over their lives and their environments than they realize. Unfortunately, many of us do not exercise this control and become rudderless in a rapidly changing and stressful society. Stress management is learning to recapture control of ourselves. This book describes how to do it.

Harpold, Joseph A. and Samuel L. Feemster. "Negative Influences of Police Stress." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (September 2002): pp. 1-7.
Abstract: Choosing to live as healthy a life as possible remains one of the most important choices that police officers should make. Deciding to battle negative influences of life by developing and accentuating positive influences reduces stress in officers' daily activities.

Herron, Shawn. "Dealing With the Aftermath." Sheriff (May/June 2001): pp.36-7.
Abstract: The cumulative stress of responding to shootings, car wrecks and battered families, coupled with the immediate terror of an officer-involved shooting or triple-fatality vehicle crash, may eventually take its toll on even the strongest of officers. Critical incident stress management issues that law enforcement agencies must address are discussed.

Iwasaki, Yoshi, et al. "A Short-Term Longitudinal Analysis of Leisure Coping Used by Police and Emergency Response Service Workers." Journal of Leisure Research Vol. 34, no.3 (2002): pp. 311-39. Notes: Available full-text on Wilsonweb
Abstract: The study examines the contributions of leisure to coping with stress and maintaining good physical and mental health among workers of police and emergency response services when the effects of general coping were taken into account. Implications of the findings and future research perspectives on leisure coping are discussed.

Kohan, Andrea and Brian P. O'Connor. "Police Officer Job Satisfaction in Relation to Mood, Well-Being, and Alcohol Consumption." The Journal of Psychology (May 2002): pp. 307-18. Notes: Available full-text on Wilsonweb
Abstract: The authors examined job satisfaction, job stress, and thoughts of quitting in relation to positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and alcohol consumption among police officers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that 2 dimensions, positive affect and negative affect, provided a clear family-tree organizational framework for representing the otherwise confusing pattern of associations between job and well-being variables. Job satisfaction was primarily associated with positive affect, life expectation, and self-esteem; job stress was primarily associated with negative affect and alcohol consumption; thoughts of quitting had moderate loading on both factors. The 2-dimensional framework may prove useful as a guide in reviewing research in this field and in selecting constructs and measures for inclusion in future research.

Kureczka, Arthur W. "Surviving Assaults: After the Physical Battle Ends, The Psychological Battle Begins." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (January 2002): pp. 18-21.
Abstract: Researchers have estimated that approximately 87% of all emergency service personnel will experience a critical incident--an extraordinary event that causes extraordinary stress reactions--at least once in their careers. Kureczka discusses an event and his following experience after being involved in a critical incident.

Lindsey, Dennis and Sean Kelly. "Issues in Small Town Policing: Understanding Stress." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (July 2004): pp. 1-7.
Abstract: It has been reported that many law enforcement officers in the US have died of committed suicide due to stress on the job. The grievous statistics given reveal the tragic toll that stress takes on those in the law enforcement profession--a toll that officers themselves may not fully realize. Today, many police departments engage in extraordinary efforts to select qualified officers, most have been trained to recognize the source of external stressors at work, such as police-involved shootings and violent crime investigations.

Lovewell, Debbie. "Run Rings Around Stress." Employee Benefits (October 2004): pp. 35-8. Notes: Available full-text on Infotrac
Abstract: It is a myth that stress is an illness that is only for the weak. New guidelines will help put misunderstandings to rest.

Madonna, John M. and Richard E. Kelly. Treating Police Stress: The Work and the Words of Peer Counselors. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 2002. Call Number: HV 7936.J63M33 2002
Abstract: The book begins by tracing the history of the treatment (or lack thereof) of police stress, specifically its treatment by peers. It describes the obstacles peer counselors face and their tactics for addressing them. The book also makes it clear that peers are uniquely qualified to do this counseling work; they have been there and can gain the respect and trust more easily than an outsider.

McNaughton, Chris. "Stress and Women Police." WomenPolice (Spring 2002): pp. 18, 21.
Abstract: While both men and women police generally experience similar amounts of stress associated with their duties and with the nature of the police organization, there are two areas in which women police often experience more stress than men police. These areas are work-home conflict and working in a male-dominated profession.

Monta, Howard A. Survive Low Morale, Stress, and Burnout in Law Enforcement. Longwood, FL: Gould, 2002. Call Number: HV 7936.J63M66 2002
Abstract: The purpose of this book is to assist those associated with law enforcement to recognize and cope with the negative aspects of the job, and to enable them to eventually retire for service time rather than for stress-related disability.

Newman, Deborah W. and Leeanne M. Rucker-Reed. "Police Stress, State-Trait Anxiety, and Stressors Among U.S. Marshals." Journal of Criminal Justice (November/December 2004): pp. 631-41.
Abstract: Unlike previous studies on stress in local police officers, this study was unique in that it used Deputy U.S. Marshals as the population pool. One hundred marshals from offices across the country responded to an anonymous survey. Generally, deputies scored low on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The main stressors identified by the respondents were related to organizational variables, i.e., problems with management, bad bosses, and work environment. More stress was experienced by deputies who were inclined to think about job-related illnesses or being injured while on duty, those who were facing retirement, and those who disliked their current assignments.

Oliver, Willard M. Cecil A. Meier. "The Four Stress Factors Unique to Rural Patrol Revisited." Police Chief (November 2004): pp. 46+.
Abstract: Information on four stress factors faced by rural police officers are presented. Due to their location, rural police officers must deal with added stresses in the areas of security, social factors, working conditions and inactivity.

Pranzo, Peter J. and Rachela Pranzo. Stress Management for Law Enforcement. Longwood, FL: Gould, 1999. Call Number: HV 7936.J63P77 1999
Abstract: This book discusses the analogy of a breaking point that comes from the many stress and trauma factors inherent throughout police work. It explores the coping mechanisms, supervisory goals and behaviors, and rehabilitation programs presently in place that enable the police officer to continue functioning as a public servant.

Ray, Gayle. "The Emotions Hidden Behind a Badge." Corrections Today (October 2001): pp. 98-100.
Abstract: Although divorce, death, and suicide rates of corrections officers are comparable to those of police officers, many correctional agencies still do not provide emotional and psychological support services. For some corrections personnel, the poor public image of their work as portrayed by the media is a source of considerable stress, in addition to the stress generated by the workplace environment. A program that addresses stress through counseling and critical incident debriefings can save money, improve staff performance, increase safety, and improve relations.

Seaward, Brian Luke. Managing Stress: Principles and Strategies for Health and Well-being. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2002. Call Number: RA 785.S434 2002
Abstract: This book was written to acquaint the reader with the fundamental theories and applications of the mind-body phenomenon. More specifically, it offers fifteen coping strategies that can be used as tools to deal more effectively with the causes of stress, and eleven relaxation techniques to help reduce or eliminate potential or actual symptoms associated with the stress response.

Sewell, James D. "Managing the Stress of Organizational Change." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March 2002): pp. 14-20.
Abstract: Law enforcement agencies are in an era of change. The needs of communities and constituencies, rapid technological growth and enhancements, and the changing capabilities and structures of law enforcement organizations demand that agencies improve their ways of operation. According to some futurists, changes in a society occur in several major areas, directly affecting law enforcement and compounding the stress inherently associated with the profession.

Sheehan, Donald C., et al. "Current Best Practices: Coping With Major Critical Incidents." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (September 2004): pp. 1-13.
Abstract: Discusses some of America's law enforcement organizations' best practices in coping with major critical incidents. The FBI uses a two-pronged approach in delivering stress management services to approximately 28,000 employees and their families.

Sheehan, Donald C. and Vincent Van Hasselt. "Identifying Law Enforcement Stress Reactions Early." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (September 2003): pp. 12-7.
Abstract: It is time to begin identifying stress reactions by officers at an early stage so that these individuals can receive appropriate help before mental, physical, and behavioral problems begin to arise. The Law Enforcement Stress Survey may provide an effective screening devise in order to facilitate timely, focused intervention.

Solan, Gerard J. and Jean M. Casey. "Police Work Addiction: A Cautionary Tale." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (June 2003): pp. 13-17.
Abstract: The greatest challenge for law enforcement officers and supervisors lies in maintaining a healthy balance in meeting reasonable responsibilities to the job, themselves, and their families. Healthy work can provide a sense of accomplishment and enhance an individual's well-being, but it is important to maintain a balance. By seeking a balance between life and work, law enforcement professionals will become better spouses, friends, coworkers, and officers who value their work but do not let it overwhelm their lives.

Territo, Leonard and James D. Sewell. Stress Management in Law Enforcement. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1999. Call Number: HV 7936.J63S77 1999
Abstract: A collection of leading articles on stress factors and the consequences for police personnel. It includes psychological services for law enforcement personnel, and management issues relating to dealing with police stress.

Titan, John. "Running From Bears." Mother Earth News (February/March 2005): pp. 128-29. Notes: Available full-text on Infotrac
Abstract: Beat stress by understanding your body’s response to danger.

Tolin, David F. and Edna B. Foa. "Treatment of a Police Officer With PTSD Using Prolonged Exposure." Behavior Therapy (Fall/Summer 1999): pp. 527-38.
Notes: See Library Staff
Abstract: Exposure therapy has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans, rape victims, accident survivors, and other traumatized populations. However, little is known about the efficacy of exposure therapy for emergency services personnel diagnosed with PTSD. The present single subject report describes the successful implementation of this therapy with a police officer diagnosed with chronic PTSD following a work-related incident. Using a time series design, we found that symptom relief was clearly associated with the onset of exposure therapy, and persisted after termination of this therapy through a 6-month follow-up period. Hypothesized mechanisms for the efficacy of exposure therapy are discussed, as are future studies for the treatment of PTSD in emergency workers.

Vaisman-Tzachor, Reuben. "Coping With Stress in Terrorism Prevention Work: Combat Veterans Fair Better." The Forensic Examiner (Winter 2004): pp. 19-27.
Notes: Available full-text on Infotrac
Abstract: This study examines the coping responses to work-related stress in terrorism prevention personnel as they differ between those employees with prior combat exposure and those without. This study substantiates the belief that persons exposed to stress in situations that allow development of coping strategies (such as military combat), will in fact cope more effectively with stressful situations and employ better coping strategies than persons with no combat background. The interactive effect of coping orientations and the subjective experience of stress gives combat veterans a coping efficacy edge.

Violanti, John M. "Alcohol Abuse in Policing." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (January 1999): pp. 16-18.
Abstract: The writer discusses prevention strategies that can be used to tackle the problem of alcohol abuse in policing. Possible early prevention strategies include improving physical and mental fitness, providing lifestyle education, reducing stress and encouraging early detection.

Violanti, John M. "Predictors of Police Suicide Ideation." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior (Fall 2004): pp. 277-83.
Abstract: Suicide ideation in police officers and possible correlates associated with such ideation is explored in this paper. The focus was on psychologically traumatic police work experiences, the development of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) in officers, and the inordinate use of alcohol associated with this condition. The impact of these occupationally based factors and their association with suicide ideation has not been fully explored. Results suggest that certain traumatic police work exposures increase the risk of high alcohol use and suicide ideation. The combined impact of PTSD and increased alcohol use led to a ten-fold increase risk for suicide ideation.

Wester, Stephen R. and Jeanmarie Lyubelsky. "Supporting the Thin Blue Line: Gender-Sensitive Therapy With Male Police Officers." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice (February 2005): pp. 51-8. Notes: (See Staff)
Abstract: Why might psychologist wish to incorporate an understanding of the male gender role into their work with male police officers? The answer to this question lies in understanding the paradox presented to male police officers by the differing demands of their chosen career and their interpersonal lives. In detailing this, the authors review the body of literature on the consequences of traditional male socialization--specifically, male gender role conflict--and explore how it can be used to understand the types of distress typically experienced by male police officers. The authors provide suggestions for making the progression of psychotherapy more palatable to members of this population and discuss the practice, research and professional implications of their work.