Borum, Randy, et al. "Police Perspectives on Responding to Mentally Ill People in Crisis: Perceptions of Program Effectiveness." Behavioral Sciences and the Law vol. 16(1998): pp. 393-405.
Abstract: This study sampled police officers from three law enforcement agencies, each of which had different system responses to mentally ill people in crisis. One department relies on field assistance from a mobile mental health crisis team, a second has a team of officers specially trained in crisis intervention and management of mentally ill people in crisis, and a third has a team of in-house social workers to assist in responding to calls. Calls involving mentally ill people in crisis appear to be frequent and are perceived by most of the officers to pose a significant problem for the department; however, most officers reported feeling well prepared to handle these calls. Generally, officers from the jurisdiction with a specialized team of officers rated their program as being highly effective. Officers from departments relying on a mobile crisis unit (MCU) and on police-based social workers both rated their programs as being moderately effective except for minimizing officer time on these calls where the MCU had significantly lower ratings.

Finn, Mary A. and Loretta J. Stalans. "Police Handling of the Mentally Ill In Domestic Violence Situations." Criminal Justice and Behavior (June 2002): pp. 278-307.
Abstract: This article provides a systematic test of the reasoning underlying officers' decisions to civilly commit or arrest hallucinating suspects of domestic violence.

International Association of Chiefs of Police. "Dealing With the Mentally Ill." IACP Model Policy (April 1998): pp. 1-5.
Abstract: It is the purpose of this policy to provide guidance to law enforcement officers when dealing with suspected mentally ill persons.

Kasanof, Adam. "NYPD Emergency Psychological Technician Course: Emergency Services and Hostage Negotiations Study Together." Law & Order (April 2002): pp. 110-112.
Abstract: The NYPD's Emergency Service Unit (ESU) provides exceptional training to its staff. No training is more exceptional than the Emergency Psychological Technician (EPT) class. The purpose of the EPT class is to maximize the safety of persons with mental illness, other members of the public and responding officers, and to help officers to deal sensitively and effectively with persons with mental illness.

Lurigio, Arthur J. and James A. Swartz. "Changing the Contours of the Criminal Justice System to Meet the Needs of Persons With Serious Mental Illness." Policies, Processes and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System vol.3 (2000): pp. 45-108. [http://www.ncjrs.org/criminal_justice2000/vol_3/03c.pdf]
Abstract: Major changes in mental health policies and laws have placed untold numbers of persons with serious mental illness (PSMIs) in the community, where they receive inadequate or intermittent care or no care at all. These changes have caused criminal justice professionals to become involved with PSMIs at every stage of the justice process. This document focuses on the arrest, incarceration, and community supervision of PSMIs. It concludes with general recommendations for improving the future care of PSMIs in the criminal justice system.

National Alliance for the Mentally Ill. Mental Illness: Police Response. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum, 1995. 19 mins. Call Number: A-V HV 8079.3.46 1995
Abstract: A two-part video that describes methods for assessing mental illness and community policing efforts to assist the mentally ill.

Office of Justice Programs. "2000 Report to Congress: Title V Community Prevention Grants Program." OJJDP Report (2000): [http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/ojjdp2000_title_v/home.html]
Abstract: This seventh annual Report to Congress describes how states and communities across the nation implemented the Community Prevention Grants Program in 2000 and examines their experiences and accomplishments.

________. "Coordinating Community Services for Mentally Ill Offenders: Maryland's Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program." National Institute of Justice: Program Focus (April 1999): pp. 1-19. [http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/175046.txt]
Abstract: Recognizing the number of mentally ill individuals in the criminal justice system has grown dramatically over the past 30 years, Maryland's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene established the Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program, a multi agency collaborative that provides shelter and treatment services to mentally ill offenders in their communities.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. "Youth With Mental Health Disorders: Issues and Emerging Responses." Juvenile Justice (April 2000): pp. 3-13.
Abstract: Violent crime by juveniles, documented cases of neglect and inadequate services, and Federal policy initiatives focusing on providing systems of care for at-risk juveniles have propelled mental health issues among juvenile offenders into the headlines.

Teplin, Linda A. "Keeping the Peace: Police Discretion and Mentally Ill Persons." National Institute of Justice Journal (July 2000): pp. 8-15.
Abstract: This analysis of police involvement with mentally ill persons who are creating a disturbance focuses on the role of police discretion, notes that police options are limited in practice, and suggests ways to address this issue.

Turnbaugh, Donald G. "Curing Police Problems With the Mentally Ill." Police Chief (February 1999): pp. 52-54.
Abstract: Law enforcement's limited knowledge about how to deal with the mentally ill too often leads to fatal encounters or results in their going to jail for abnormal behavior stemming from their mental illness. These encounters manifest the need for a better, more professional way to handle these most vulnerable and chronically ill of our citizens in volatile situations. One better way is crisis intervention training. The program can be tailored to meet local situations. This article suggests ways to initiate crisis intervention training.

Van Blaricom, D. P. "Handling the Mentally Ill: There Are No Shortcuts for Officers." Police (March 2000): pp. 32-34.
Abstract: Dealing with people who live in the shadow world of mental illness can be a challenge. However, with the proper approach, potentially explosive situations can be defused, reducing the chance of injuries to officers and civilians. As with much of police work, being successful in this kind of encounter, goes back to proper training.

Weiss, Jim and Mary Dresser. "Reaching Out to the Mentally Ill." Law & Order (June 2000): pp. 133-36.
Abstract: The potential for tragic encounters between police and the mentally ill has grown as mental institutions have been closed and their patients have been introduced into society, sometimes without suitable support back-up. Crisis incident training helps police identify a person who needs mental health treatment.

Wellborn, Jeff. "Coping With the Mentally Ill." Law & Order (October 1999): pp. 105-6.
Abstract: The New Orleans Police Department and the City of New Orleans recognize that being mentally ill is not a crime. In conjunction with State mental health services, they established a crisis unit that deals only with psychiatric emergencies in which the police become involved. This unit is staffed with specially trained volunteers who intervene in psychiatric emergencies and transport the subjects to hospitals when appropriate. This allows police officers to return to law enforcement duties, relieves the prison system by diverting the patients away to appropriate mental health facilities, and saves the city some $300,000 per year.

________. "Responding to Individuals With Mental Illness." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (November 1999): pp. 6-8.
Abstract: The New Orleans Police Department's Mobile Crisis Service shows how cooperation between law enforcement and mental health officials can bring about a positive change in law enforcement's response to individuals with mental illness.