U.S. Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBI Academy Library
Quantico, Virginia 22135

 

Subject Bibliography

 
CRISIS NEGOTIATION
 
 
12/2002
 
  Birge, Ray. "Balance Is the Key: Conducting Successful Hostage Negotiations." Law and Order 50, no. 3(March 2002): 102-6.
Abstract: In hostage situations, law enforcement must "exhaust all reasonable non-violent options." However, an imbalance between tactical and negotiation teams exists which sometimes hurries the process to rush toward a solution. The author explains the importance of proper balance between tactical and negotiation teams, and how rank can inhibit negotiations.

Bohl, Nancy K. "Impact on Crisis Negotiators of Suicide by a Suspect."Suicide and Law Enforcement Donald C. Sheehan and Janet I. Warren, 557-65. Quantico, VA: FBI Academy, 2001.
Call Number: J 1.14/2:S 84X
Abstract: Findings of a survey of crisis negotiators regarding their reactions during and after incidents in which a suspect committed suicide.

Films for the Humanities & Sciences. On the Inside: Hostage Negotiations. Discovery Channel. Discovery Channel University. 2001.
Call Number: A-V HV 6431 .H679 2001
Abstract: This film looks at the difficult jobs of hostage negotiators and their successes in the past 30 years. Detailed analysis is made of the incidents at Waco, Texas, and Lucasville Prison in Ohio. Extensive commentary is made by two of the field's foremost experts, Gary Noesner of the FBI, and Frank Bolz of the NYPD.

Greenstone, James L., ed. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc..
Abstract: A semiannual journal with an editorial staff of experienced professionals in the law enforcement negotiation field. Covers diverse aspects of crisis negotiation. Includes abstracts with each article, editorials, book reviews, and a list of upcoming articles.

History Channel. Hostage Negotiators. A&E Televisions Networks. Dangerous Missions. New Video, 2002.
Call Number: A-V HV 6431 .H78 2002
Abstract: Explains the role of hostage negotiators in keeping hostages alive. Discusses the real hostage situations of the Branch Davidians, the Montana Freeman, and Joseph Chester Palcznski, Jr.

Hodgson, Jane. Thinking on Your Feet in Negotiations: New Approaches to Creative Thinking and Problem Solving. New York, NY: Prentice Hall, 2000.
Call Number: HD 58.6 .H63x 2000
Abstract: Although not written from a law enforcement perspective, nor geared towards crisis negotiations, contains very good practical information on negotiating.

Lancely, Frederick J. On-Scene Guide for Crisis Negotiators. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999.
Call Number: HV 6595 .L36 1999
Abstract: Written by a retired FBI Agent who was the principle developer of the FBI's crisis negotiation training course. It has chapters dedicated to different crisis situations, sieges, crisis intervention, active listening, suicide intervention, hostage negotiation, and abnormal psychology. The author includes a suicide intervention flow chart, an interview guide for investigators, overview of active listening techniques, and a negotiator's view of the incident at Ruby Ridge, which contains dialogue between the negotiators and Randy Weaver.

McMains, Michael J. and Wayman C. Mullins. Crisis Negotiations: Managing Critical Incidents and Hostage Situations in Law Enforcement and Corrections. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co., 2001.
Call Number: HV 6598 .M35 2001
Abstract: A comprehensive text on crisis negotiations. Very rich in information and written in "textbook style." Each chapter begins with a list of learning objectives, includes a summary and list of references, and ends with discussion questions. Uses case studies, charts, graphs, and statistics to illustrate points, and includes everything from the basics to the Stockholm Syndrome, ending with a chapter on post-incident debriefing.

Misino, Dominick J. "Crisis Negotiators: No Rules in the Life Saving Game." Journal of Counterterrorism & Homeland Security Int'l 8, no. 2(2002): 40-42.
Abstract: Describes the role of law enforcement crisis negotiators through a hostage-taking situation in New York City.

Monahan Thomas F. "Suicide by Cop: Strategies for Crisis Negotiators and First Responders."Suicide and Law Enforcement Donald C. Sheehan and Janet I. Warren, 637-46. Quantico, VA: Behavioral Science Unit, 2001.
Call Number: J 1.14/2:S 84X
Abstract: Provides an overview of why some people attempt to force police officers to kill them as a means of committing suicide. It discusses the initial response by officers at the scene, negotiation strategy, and organizational response.

Noesner, Gary W. "Negotiation Concepts for Commanders." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 68, no. 1(January 1999): 11-21.
Abstract: Based on an FBI-developed training course that served as the template for the resolution of the 81-day Freemen siege and the 7-day Republic of Texas siege, this article covers the basic principles and concepts of crisis negotiation.

Noesner, Gary W. and Mike Webster. "Crisis Intervention: Using Active Listening Skills in Negotiations." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 66, no. 8(August 1997): 13-19.
Abstract: When responding to a crisis situation, negotiators often encounter one of two types of behavior: Instrumental, which is best handled through bargaining or problem solving; or expressive, which is best handled through a strategy of active listening. This article discusses assessing the subject's behavior and developing negotiating skills.

Pearson, Cecil and Eric Radli. Negotiate! Manage! Survive! Hostage Situations: From Crisis Intervention to Dealing With Terrorists. San Clemente, CA: LawTech Publishing Co., Ltd., 1999.
Call Number: HV 6571 .P43 1999
Abstract: This text covers intervention in hostage and other crisis situations and contains several chapters related solely to negotiations. It discusses coping mechanisms used by the suspect, three basic concepts of negotiations, and some basic dos and don'ts for negotiators. Outlines the role of the negotiator and procedures and principles for negotiating. Also discusses dealing with the disturbed hostage taker and various mental illnesses, as well as dealing with the terrorist hostage taker.

Picco, Giandomenico. Man Without a Gun: One Diplomat's Secret Struggle to Free the Hostages, Fight Terrorism, and End a War. New York, NY: Time Books, 1999.
Call Number: HV 6431 .P4 1999
Abstract: A real-life account of a diplomat's secret negotiations in the Middle East. As the chief UN hostage negotiator, Giandomenico Picco negotiated for the lives of dozens of hostages, including Terry Anderson and Terry Waite, at the risk of his own life. This is his story of secret meetings, negotiations, and life or death decisions.

Poland, James M. and Michael J. McCrystle. Practical, Tactical and Legal Perspectives of Terrorism and Hostage-Taking. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1999.
Call Number: HV 6431 .P58 1999
Abstract: Written by two criminal justice professors, one of whom is an FBI SWAT Team veteran and former principal legal advisor, and the other a former police officer who was a member of both a tactical squad and civil disturbance unit. While covering a lot of basic aspects of hostage situations such as negotiations, this book also includes a chapter on legal considerations and the future of terrorist hostage taking. The chapter on case study analysis includes such incidents as Ruby Ridge, Waco, and the Croatian Nationalists skyjacking.

Rogan, Randall G. Mitchell R. Hammer and Clinton R. VanZandt. Dynamic Processes of Crisis Negotiation. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1997.
Call Number: HV 6595 .D95 1997
Abstract: Contains 12 chapters, contributed by various authors, on different aspects of crisis negotiation such as post-incident counseling, intercultural dynamics, negotiating with cults, and updating negotiation techniques and training.

Romano, Stephen J. "Third-Party Intermediaries and Crisis Negotiations." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 67, no. 10(October 1998): 20-24.
Abstract: Discusses issues regarding the use of third-party intermediaries as a crisis negotiation technique, for example--when to use them and how to identify appropriate ones.

Slatkin, Arthur A. "Negotiating Skills: Dealing With an Alcohol-Impaired Hostage Taker or Barricaded Subject." Law and Order 48, no. 4(April 2000): 123-26.
Abstract: Provides guidelines for negotiating with an alcohol-impaired hostage-taker or barricaded subject.

Strentz, Thomas and Melinda Voorhies. "Advanced Tactical Negotiating: Establishing Communications With an Adolescent-Hostage Taker." Law and Order 47, no. 10(October 1999): 229-32.
Abstract: The teenage years are troubled times for normal teenagers, and even more so for youths burdened by a dysfunctional family and real physical, psychological, or social problems. The typical teen has limited crisis resolution skills. However unreal, illogical, minimal or fictional the suspect's problem may seen, the trauma is very real to the troubled teenager. When negotiating with a teen in a hostage or crisis situation it is important to keep in mind that the negotiator's job consists only of resolving the immediate confrontation safely and getting him or her into custody. Finding long-term solutions is better handled by other professionals such as a psychiatrist or psychologist.

Thompson, Leroy. Hostage Rescue Manual. Mechanisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001.
Call Number: HV 6595 .T49 2001
Abstract: A comprehensive guide to the strategies used in hostage incidents around the world. The first couple of chapters discuss containing the incident and gathering intelligence. The third chapter is dedicated to hostage negotiation. Responsibility for ending the incident rests largely with the negotiator, whose job it is to unravel the motives of the hostage-taker and achieve a peaceful solution. When that is not possible, an entry team and weapon experts must rely on skill and force. In all, this text contains 11 chapters covering the various aspects of hostage rescue. A hostage negotiator's psychological checklist is included in the appendix.

Towers, Jonathan. The Hostage Takers. Hearst/ABC/NBC Arts & Entertainment Network. American Justice. New Video Group, 1996.
Call Number: A-V HV 6241 .H67 1996
Abstract: Examines several hostage-taking incidents, including the 1985 Achille Lauro incident, and examines the process of negotiating with the hostage taker.

Vecchi, Gregory M. "Hostage/Barricade Management: A Hidden Conflict Within Law Enforcement." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 71, no. 5(May 2002): 1-7.
Abstract: Due to competing paradigms over hostage and barricade management, conflicts can arise between tactical and negotiating teams. The author explains why this happens, how to reduce the conflict, and how the two teams can collaborate for a successful outcome.

Watson, E. Ron, ed. The Crisis Negotiator. Doylestown, PA: National Tactical Officers Association.
Abstract: A quarterly publication of the National Tactical Officers Association. Features articles written by crisis negotiation professionals.

Wheeler, Michael, ed. Negotiation Journal. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Abstract: A quarterly publication whose mission is to encourage and search for the development of better techniques for dealing with differences through the give-and-take of negotiation.